Notes
Slide Show
Outline
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Emergency Management
  • “Influenza and Pandemic’s”
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Influenza Pandemic
  • Influenza 1918 - the worst pandemic in U.S. History
  • First Case March 11,1918 - Fort Riley
  • Boston registers 1000 deaths from influenza by the end of September
  • U.S. Death toll 195,000 Oct
  • Between September 1918 and April 1919, approximately 500,000 deaths
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Pandemic Time Frame
  • Warning is generally weeks to months
  • Unlike natural disasters, demands on medical care in each community will last 6-8 weeks until the "first wave" of infection is complete
  • Second wave of infection may follow months later


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Key Issues
  • Experts agree that future pandemics of influenza are likely, if not inevitable
  • Estimates of a U.S. pandemic today could cause between 88,000–227,000 deaths and that the economic impact would range from $71–$166 billion
  • Traditional Emergency Management Models do not work well in this type of event (Mutual Aid, Federal Assistance, Stafford Act)
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Emergency Plans
  • All States and local areas have emergency response plans that are geared towards natural disasters. However, the next influenza pandemic is likely to pose a series of unique challenges that may not be accounted for in available "All Hazard" plans
  • Pandemic planning is a dynamic process, with continual adjustments with changing circumstances, resources, and technology, so that periodic revisions will be necessary



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State Emergency Operation Plans
  • Provides guidance to state and local officials on procedures, organization and responsibilities
  • Provides for an integrated and coordinated local, state and federal response
  • Many States have adopted a functional approach that groups the types of assistance to be provided under Emergency Support Functions
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Critical Infrastructures
  • In contrast to typical natural disasters -- in which critical components of the physical infrastructure may be threatened or destroyed -- an influenza pandemic may also pose significant threats to the human infrastructure responsible for critical community services due to widespread absenteeism in the workforce.
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Pandemic Phases
  • Novel Virus Alert
  • Pandemic Alert
  • Pandemic Imminent
  • Pandemic
  • "Second Wave"
  • Pandemic over
  • Monitoring
  • Notifications/Planning
  • Partial Activation
  • Full Activation
  • Activation/Recovery
  • Recovery


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State Emergency Management’s Role in an Influenza Pandemic
  • State Health  - Focus on the illness
  • State EM -  Focus on the consequences
  • Generally – emergency powers vested in the Governor are greater than the State Health Officer
  • Governor’s can activate the National Guard


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State Emergency Management’s Role in an Influenza Pandemic
  • Activation of the State Emergency Management Plan
  • State Emergency Operations Center
  • Emergency Support Function  - Health and Medical (ESF#8)
  • Emergency Public Information
  • Direction and Control